# -*-coding:utf-8-*-
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


# 根据地址获取页面内容，并返回BeautifulSoup
def get_html(url):
    # 若页面打开失败，则无限重试，没有后退可言
    while True:
        try:
            # 超时时间为1秒
            response = requests.get(url, timeout=1)
            response.encoding = "GBK"
            if response.status_code == 200:
                return BeautifulSoup(response.text, "lxml")
            else:
                continue
        except Exception:
            continue


# 获取地址前缀（用于相对地址）
def get_prefix(url):
    return url[0:url.rindex("/") + 1]


# 递归抓取下一页面
def spider_next(url, lev):
    if lev == 2:
        spider_class = "city"
    elif lev == 3:
        spider_class = "county"
    elif lev == 4:
        spider_class = "town"
    else:
        spider_class = "village"

    for item in get_html(url).select("tr." + spider_class + "tr"):
        item_td = item.select("td")
        item_td_code = item_td[0].select_one("a")
        item_td_name = item_td[1].select_one("a")
        if item_td_code is None:
            item_href = None
            item_code = item_td[0].text
            item_name = item_td[1].text
            if lev == 5:
                item_name = item_td[2].text
        else:
            item_href = item_td_code.get("href")
            item_code = item_td_code.text
            item_name = item_td_name.text
        # 输出：级别、区划代码、名称
        content2 = str(lev) + "\t" + item_code + "\t" + item_name
        print(content2)
        f.write(content2 + "\n")
        if item_href is not None:
            spider_next(get_prefix(url) + item_href, lev + 1)


# 入口
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # 抓取省份页面
    province_url = "http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/index.html"
    province_list = get_html(province_url).select('tr.provincetr a')

    # 数据写入到当前文件夹下 area-number-2020.txt 中
    f = open("area-number-2020.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8")
    try:
        for province in province_list:
            href = province.get("href")
            province_code = href[0: 2] + "0000000000"
            province_name = province.text
            # 输出：级别、区划代码、名称
            content = "1\t" + province_code + "\t" + province_name
            print(content)
            f.write(content + "\n")
            spider_next(get_prefix(province_url) + href, 2)
    finally:
        f.close()

5. 资源下载

如果你只是需要行政区域数据，那么已经为你准备好了，从下面连接中下载即可。

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/18MDdkczwJVuRZwsH0pFYwQ
提取码：t2eg

6. 爬虫遵循的规则

引自：https://www.cnblogs.com/kongyijilafumi/p/13969361.html

1. 遵守 Robots 协议，谨慎爬取
2. 限制你的爬虫行为，禁止近乎 DDOS 的请求频率，一旦造成服务器瘫痪，约等于网络攻击
3. 对于明显反爬，或者正常情况不能到达的页面不能强行突破，否则是 Hacker 行为
4. 如果爬取到别人的隐私，立即删除，降低进局子的概率。另外要控制自己的欲望