import time

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
from tornado import gen
from tornado.concurrent import Future


class Api1Handler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        future = Future()
        # 方式一：添加回调 五秒后执行该异步任务 
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().add_timeout(time.time() + 5, self.done)
        # 方式二：添加future
        # tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().add_future(future,self.done)
        # 方式三：添加回调
        # future.add_done_callback(self.doing)
        yield future

    def done(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.write('api1')
        self.finish()  # 完成本次HTTP请求，将future的result状态改变


class Api2Handler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("api2")


application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/api1", Api1Handler),
    (r"/api2", Api2Handler),
])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

　　 有关于Future对象如何实现异步，下面会进行详细的探讨。

如何了解tornado

　　 tornado实现异步的根本技术点：I/O多路复用的epoll模式

　　 tornado实现非阻塞的根本技术点：Future期程(未来)对象

tornado配置项

　　 仔细看起步介绍中，tornado的配置，它是作为关键字传参传入Application这个类中。

　　 所以我们可以使用**{k1:v1}的方式来设定配置项，下面举例一些常见的配置项。

常规设置

　　 常规配置项：

　　 说点人话，debug或者autoreload为True时，修改源文件代码将会自动重启服务，相当于Django的重启功能。

　　 而log_function则可以自定制日志的输出格式，如下所示：

def log_func(handler):
    if handler.get_status() < 400:
        log_method = access_log.info
    elif handler.get_status() < 500:
        log_method = access_log.warning
    else:
        log_method = access_log.error
        
    request_time = 1000.0 * handler.request.request_time()
    log_method("%d %s %s (%s) %s %s %.2fms",
               handler.get_status(), handler.request.method,
               handler.request.uri, handler.request.remote_ip,
               handler.request.headers["User-Agent"],
               handler.request.arguments,

settings = {"log_function":log_func}

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/admin
class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("...")


settings = {"debug": True}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/a.{4}$", APIHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register/yunya
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self,*args):
        self.write(str(args))  # ('yunya',)


settings = {"debug": True}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/register/(\w+)", RegisterHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register/yunya
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self,params):
        self.write(params)   # 'yunya'


settings = {"debug": True}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/register/(\w+)", RegisterHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register/yunya
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self,**kwargs):
        self.write(str(kwargs))  # {'username': 'yunya'}


settings = {"debug": True}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/register/(?P<username>\w+)", RegisterHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register/yunya
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self,username):
        self.write(username)  # 'yunya'


settings = {"debug": True}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/register/(?P<username>\w+)", RegisterHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"^/register/(/d+)/(?P<username>\w+)", RegisterHandler),
], **settings)

AssertionError: groups in url regexes must either be all named or all positional: '^/register/(/d+)/(?P<username>\\w+)$'

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web


# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        print(self.reverse_url("reg"))  # /register
        self.write("注册页面")


settings = {"debug": True}

# 使用tornado.web.url来进行添加路由规则
application = tornado.web.Application([
    tornado.web.url(r'/register', RegisterHandler, name="reg")
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

{{reverse_url('reg')}}

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web


# http://127.0.0.1:8888/register?name=yunya&hobby=%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83&hobby=%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83
class RegisterHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        # 获取客户端IP
        print(self.request.remote_ip)  # 127.0.0.1
        # 查看请求方式
        print(self.request.method)  # GET
        # 获取单个GET/POST传递的参数
        print(self.get_query_argument("name"))  # yunya
        # 获取多个GET/POST传递的参数、list形式
        print(self.get_query_arguments("hobby"))  # ['篮球', '足球']
        
        print(self.request.host) # 127.0.0.1:8888
        print(self.request.uri)  # register?name=yunya&hobby=%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83&hobby=%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83
        print(self.request.path)  # /register
        print(self.request.query)  # name=yunya&hobby=%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83&hobby=%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83
        
        self.write("OK")

settings = {"debug":True}
application = tornado.web.Application([
    tornado.web.url(r'/register', RegisterHandler, name="reg")
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        # step01:获取所有名为img的文件对象，返回一个列表 [img,img,img]
        file_obj_list = self.request.files.get("img")
        # step02:获取第一个对象
        file_obj = file_obj_list[0]
        # step03:获取文件名称
        file_name = file_obj.filename
        # step04:获取文件数据
        file_body = file_obj.body
        # step05:获取文件类型
        file_type = file_obj.content_type

        with open(f"./{file_name}",mode="wb") as f:
            f.write(file_body)

        self.write("OK")

settings = {"debug":True}
application = tornado.web.Application([
    tornado.web.url(r'/api', APIHandler)
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

self.write("OK")

self.render("templatePath",**kwargs)  # 传递给模板的数据

import json
json_data = json.dumps({"k1":"v1"})
self.write(json_data)

raise tornado.web.HTTPError(403) 

self.redirect("/",status=301)

self.set_header("k1", 1)
self.add_header("k2", 2)
self.clear_header("k1") 

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web


class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def initialize(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
        print(kwargs)  # {k1:v1}
        self.data = "某个数据"

    def post(self):
        print(self.data)  # 某个数据
        self.write("ok")


settings = {"debug": True}
application = tornado.web.Application([
    tornado.web.url(r'/api', APIHandler, {"k1": "v1"}),  # dict -> **kwargs
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def set_default_headers(self):
        print("first--设置headers")

    def initialize(self):
        print("second--初始化")

    def prepare(self):
        print("third--准备工作")

    def get(self):
        print("fourth--处理get请求")

    def post(self):
        print('fourth--处理post请求')

    def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
        print("fifth--处理错误")

    def on_finish(self):
        print("sixth--处理结束,释放资源--")

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web


class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        # 找当前目录下的views文件夹，到views下去找api.html模板文件
        self.render("api.html")


settings = {
    "debug": True,
    "template_path": "views",  # 指定模板目录
    "static_path": "static",  # 指定静态文件目录
}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    tornado.web.url(r'/api', APIHandler),
], **settings)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

class APIHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        context = {
            "name": "云崖",
            "age": 18,
            "hobby": ["篮球", "足球"]
        }
        self.render("api.html",**context)
        # self.render("api.html",name="云崖",age=18,hobby=["篮球", "足球"])

<body>
    <p>{{name}}</p>
    <p>{{age}}</p>
    <p>{{hobby[0]}}-{{hobby[1]}}</p>
</body>

# 渲染控制器函数传入的变量
<body>
欢迎{{ username }}登录
</body>

# 进行Python表达式
{{ 1 + 1 }}
# 导入模块并使用
{{ time.time() }}

{% if 1 %}
    this is if
{% end %}

{{! 1 + 1}}

{%! if 1 %}
    this is if
{%! end %}

{#! time.time() #}}

{% import time %}
{{ time.time() }}

{% from util.modify import mul %}
{{mul(6,6)}}

{% if username != 'no' %}
    欢迎{{ username }}登录
{% else %}
    请登录
{% end %}

<body>
    {% for item in range(10) %}
        {% if item == 0%}
            <p>start</p>
        {% elif item == len(range(10))-1 %}
            <p>end</p>
        {% else %}
            <p>{{item}}</p>
        {% end %}
    {% end %}
</body>

{% set a = 0 %}

{% while a<5 %}
    {{ a }}<br>
    {% set a += 1 %}
{% end %}

{{'<b>你好</b>'}}   	 # &lt;b&gt;你好&lt;/b&gt;
{% raw '<b>你好</b>' %}  # <b>你好</b>

{% autoescape None %}  # 模板首行加入

settings = {
    "autoescape":None, # 禁用转义
}

# views/base.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>{% block title %}Document{% end %}</title>
    {% block css %}
    {% end %}
</head>
<body>
    {% block main %}
    {% end %}
</body>
{% block js %}
{% end %}
</html>

{% extends  'base.html'%}

{% block title %}
API
{% end %}

{% block css %}
<style>
    body{
        background-color: red;
    }
</style>
{% end %}

{% block main %}
<p>HELLO</p>
{% end %}

{% block js %}
<script>
    alert("HELLO")
</script>
{% end %}

# views/common.html

<h1>公用内容</h1>