Tomcat ?jsvc 调优及JMX监控

实验背景

======================================================

系统版本：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

Tomcat版本: ? Apache-tomcat-7.0.54

Tomcat介绍：

Tomcat是Apache?软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。目前最新版本是8.0。

======================================================

Tomcat?7最新版本下载链接：
http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.56/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.56.tar.gz

Tomcat?安装：
tar?zxvf?apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz?-C?/opt/

jsvc编译及调优：
cd??apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin
tar?zxvf?commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
cd?commons-daemon-1.0.x-native-src/unix
./configure
make?-j4
cp?jsvc?../../
cd?../../

添加tomcat用户，后面用来启动tomcat进程：
useradd?-s?/sbin/nologin?tomcat

jsvc?help文件:
#?export?JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_60/
#?./jsvc?--help
Usage:?jsvc?[-options]?class?[args...]
Where?options?include:
????-help?|?--help?|?-?
????????show?this?help?page?(implies?-nodetach)
????-jvm?<JVM?name>
????????use?a?specific?Java?Virtual?Machine.?Available?JVMs:
????????????'server'
????-client
????????use?a?client?Java?Virtual?Machine.
????-server
????????use?a?server?Java?Virtual?Machine.
????-cp?|?-classpath?<directories?and?zip/jar?files>
????????set?search?path?for?service?classes?and?resouces
????-java-home?|?-home?<directory>
????????set?the?path?of?your?JDK?or?JRE?installation?(or?set
????????the?JAVA_HOME?environment?variable)
????-version
????????show?the?current?Java?environment?version?(to?check
????????correctness?of?-home?and?-jvm.?Implies?-nodetach)
????-showversion
????????show?the?current?Java?environment?version?(to?check
????????correctness?of?-home?and?-jvm)?and?continue?execution.
????-nodetach
????????don't?detach?from?parent?process?and?become?a?daemon
????-debug
????????verbosely?print?debugging?information
????-check
????????only?check?service?(implies?-nodetach)
????-user?<user>
????????user?used?to?run?the?daemon?(defaults?to?current?user)
????-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
????????enable?verbose?output
????-cwd?</full/path>
????????set?working?directory?to?given?location?(defaults?to?/)
????-outfile?</full/path/to/file>
????????Location?for?output?from?stdout?(defaults?to?/dev/null)
????????Use?the?value?'&2'?to?simulate?'1>&2'
????-errfile?</full/path/to/file>
????????Location?for?output?from?stderr?(defaults?to?/dev/null)
????????Use?the?value?'&1'?to?simulate?'2>&1'
????-pidfile?</full/path/to/file>
????????Location?for?output?from?the?file?containing?the?pid?of?jsvc
????????(defaults?to?/var/run/jsvc.pid)
????-D<name>=<value>
????????set?a?Java?system?property
????-X<option>
????????set?Virtual?Machine?specific?option
????-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
????-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
????????enable?assertions
????-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
????-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
????????disable?assertions
????-esa?|?-enablesystemassertions
????????enable?system?assertions
????-dsa?|?-disablesystemassertions
????????disable?system?assertions
????-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
????????load?native?agent?library?<libname>,?e.g.?-agentlib:hprof
????-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
????????load?native?agent?library?by?full?pathname
????-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
????????load?Java?programming?language?agent,?see?java.lang.instrument
????-procname?<procname>
????????use?the?specified?process?name
????-wait?<waittime>
????????wait?waittime?seconds?for?the?service?to?start
????????waittime?should?multiple?of?10?(min=10)
????-stop
????????stop?the?service?using?the?file?given?in?the?-pidfile?option
????-keepstdin
????????does?not?redirect?stdin?to?/dev/null
jsvc?(Apache?Commons?Daemon)?1.0.15-dev
Copyright?(c)?1999-2013?Apache?Software?Foundation.

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接下来是重点了！

复制bin目录下的daemon.sh?生成初步service文件

#?cp?./daemon.sh?/etc/init.d/tomcat
#?chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/tomcat

jsvc?调优参数：
export?PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export?JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_60
export?JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_60/jre
export?CATALINA_BASE=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54
export?CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54
export?CATALINA_PID=$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.pid
export?CATALINA_TMP=$CATALINA_BASE/temp
export?TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
export?CATALINA_OPTS="-server?-Xss512k?-Xms2048M?-Xmx2048M?-XX:MaxPermSize=256M?-XX:PermSize=128M?-XX:NewSize=128M?-XX:+CMSIncreme
ntalMode?-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80?-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC?-XX:+UseParNewGC?-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8?-Djavax.servlet.r
equest.encoding=UTF-8?-Djavax.servlet.response.encoding=UTF-8?-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8?-Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai?-Dcom.sun.manage
ment.jmxremote?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=100861?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.a
uthenticate=false?-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.3.5"

-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode
该标志将开启CMS收集器的增量模式。增量模式经常暂停CMS过程，以便对应用程序线程作出完全的让步。因此，收集器将花更长的时间完成整个收集周期。因此，只有通过测试后发现正常CMS周期对应用程序线程干扰太大时，才应该使用增量模式。由于现代服务器有足够的处理器来适应并发的垃圾收集，所以这种情况发生得很少。

-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction
当堆满之后，并行收集器便开始进行垃圾收集，例如，当没有足够的空间来容纳新分配或提升的对象。对于CMS收集器，长时间等待是不可取的，因为在并发垃圾收集期间应用持续在运行(并且分配对象)。因此，为了在应用程序使用完内存之前完成垃圾收集周期，CMS收集器要比并行收集器更先启动。
因为不同的应用会有不同对象分配模式，JVM会收集实际的对象分配(和释放)的运行时数据，并且分析这些数据，来决定什么时候启动一次CMS垃圾收集周期。为了引导这一过程，?JVM会在一开始执行CMS周期前作一些线索查找。该线索由?-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=<value>来设置，该值代表老年代堆空间的使用率。比如，value=75意味着第一次CMS垃圾收集会在老年代被占用75%时被触发。通常CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction的默认值为68(之前很长时间的经历来决定的)。

-XX：+UseConcMarkSweepGC
该标志首先是激活CMS收集器。默认HotSpot?JVM使用的是并行收集器。

-XX：UseParNewGC
当使用CMS收集器时，该标志激活年轻代使用多线程并行执行垃圾回收。这令人很惊讶，我们不能简单在并行收集器中重用-XX：UserParNewGC标志，因为概念上年轻代用的算法是一样的。然而，对于CMS收集器，年轻代GC算法和老年代GC算法是不同的，因此年轻代GC有两种不同的实现，并且是两个不同的标志。
注意最新的JVM版本，当使用-XX：+UseConcMarkSweepGC时，-XX：UseParNewGC会自动开启。因此，如果年轻代的并行GC不想开启，可以通过设置-XX：-UseParNewGC来关掉。

XX：ConcGCThreads
标志-XX：ConcGCThreads=<value>(早期JVM版本也叫-XX:ParallelCMSThreads)定义并发CMS过程运行时的线程数。比如value=4意味着CMS周期的所有阶段都以4个线程来执行。尽管更多的线程会加快并发CMS过程，但其也会带来额外的同步开销。因此，对于特定的应用程序，应该通过测试来判断增加CMS线程数是否真的能够带来性能的提升。
如果还标志未设置，JVM会根据并行收集器中的-XX：ParallelGCThreads参数的值来计算出默认的并行CMS线程数。该公式是ConcGCThreads?=?(ParallelGCThreads?+?3)/4。因此，对于CMS收集器，?-XX:ParallelGCThreads标志不仅影响“stop-the-world”垃圾收集阶段，还影响并发阶段。
总之，有不少方法可以配置CMS收集器的多线程执行。正是由于这个原因,建议第一次运行CMS收集器时使用其默认设置,?然后如果需要调优再进行测试。只有在生产系统中测量(或类生产测试系统)发现应用程序的暂停时间的目标没有达到?,?就可以通过这些标志应该进行GC调优。

-XX:ParallelGCThreads=n:设置并行收集器收集时使用的CPU数。并行收集线程数。

接下来这些参数?是针对于?JMX?远程监控的：
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote?启用JMX远程监控
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=100861?使用端口100861
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false?远程连接不需要密码认证
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false?不使用SSL
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=$CATALINA_HOME/conf/jmxremote.access?使用指定的JMX帐号授权文件
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=$CATALINA_HOME/conf/jmxremote.password?使用指定的JMX帐号文件

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到这里为止 tomcat 针对jsvc 调优已经差不多了，下面启动tomcat 测试：

#?/etc/init.d/tomcat?start

#?ps?-ef?|grep?tomcat
root?????12166?????1??0?16:09??????????00:00:00?jsvc.exec?-java-home?/opt/jdk1.7.0_60?-user?tomcat?-pidfile?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/logs/catalina-daemon.pid?-wait?10?-outfile?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/logs/catalina-daemon.out?-errfile?&1?-classpath?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/commons-daemon.jar:/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/tomcat-juli.jar?-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/conf/logging.properties?-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager?-server?-Xss512k?-Xms2048M?-Xmx2048M?-XX:MaxPermSize=256M?-XX:PermSize=128M?-XX:NewSize=128M?-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode?-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80?-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC?-XX:+UseParNewGC?-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8?-Djavax.servlet.request.encoding=UTF-8?-Djavax.servlet.response.encoding=UTF-8?-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8?-Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10086?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false?-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.3.5?-Djava.endorsed.dirs=?-Dcatalina.base=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54?-Dcatalina.home=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54?-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/temp?org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
tomcat???12167?12166?34?16:09??????????00:00:05?jsvc.exec?-java-home?/opt/jdk1.7.0_60?-user?tomcat?-pidfile?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/logs/catalina-daemon.pid?-wait?10?-outfile?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/logs/catalina-daemon.out?-errfile?&1?-classpath?/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/commons-daemon.jar:/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/bin/tomcat-juli.jar?-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/conf/logging.properties?-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager?-server?-Xss512k?-Xms2048M?-Xmx2048M?-XX:MaxPermSize=256M?-XX:PermSize=128M?-XX:NewSize=128M?-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode?-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80?-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC?-XX:+UseParNewGC?-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8?-Djavax.servlet.request.encoding=UTF-8?-Djavax.servlet.response.encoding=UTF-8?-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8?-Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10086?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false?-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.3.5?-Djava.endorsed.dirs=?-Dcatalina.base=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54?-Dcatalina.home=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54?-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54/temp?org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

如果你的系统开起了iptables的话，这里需要开放针对jmx?和?tomcat?的端口：
vim?/etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A?INPUT?-p?tcp?-m?state?--state?NEW?-m?tcp?--dport?8080?-j?ACCEPT
-A?INPUT?-p?tcp?-m?state?--state?NEW?-m?tcp?--dport?10086?-j?ACCEPT


/etc/init.d/iptables?restart
重启防火墙生效；

接下来打开浏览器测试tomcat是否已经work；
http://192.168.3.5:8080

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这里我们验证一下JMX远程监控，推荐使用VisualVM监控；

JDK中还藏着一个宝贝，它的名字叫做VisualVM。VisualVM是Sun的一个OpenJDK项目，其目的在于为Java应用创建一个整套的问题解决工具；

官网主页：
http://visualvm.java.net/

步骤如下：

1）添加远程主机：

2）添加jmx连接:

这里需要注意格式：主机+端口 ，另外下面勾选 不要求SSL连接；

3）添加完成之后打开查看tomcat 资源使用情况；

添加成功之后下面有个jmx的主机连接：

打开即可！

So Next ，Enjoy it！

下面是一个优化后的tomcat启动脚本的范例，可以放置在/etc/init.d/下 使用, start 、 stop等进行启动 、关闭操作；

#!/bin/sh
#?Licensed?to?the?Apache?Software?Foundation?(ASF)?under?one?or?more
#?contributor?license?agreements.??See?the?NOTICE?file?distributed?with
#?this?work?for?additional?information?regarding?copyright?ownership.
#?The?ASF?licenses?this?file?to?You?under?the?Apache?License,?Version?2.0
#?(the?"License");?you?may?not?use?this?file?except?in?compliance?with
#?the?License.??You?may?obtain?a?copy?of?the?License?at
#
#?????http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#?Unless?required?by?applicable?law?or?agreed?to?in?writing,?software
#?distributed?under?the?License?is?distributed?on?an?"AS?IS"?BASIS,
#?WITHOUT?WARRANTIES?OR?CONDITIONS?OF?ANY?KIND,?either?express?or?implied.
#?See?the?License?for?the?specific?language?governing?permissions?and
#?limitations?under?the?License.
#
#?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#?Scripts?for?tomcat?based?on?jsvc
#?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#?resolve?links?-?$0?may?be?a?softlink
export?PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export?JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_60
export?JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_60/jre
export?CATALINA_BASE=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54
export?CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.54
export?CATALINA_PID=$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.pid
export?CATALINA_TMP=$CATALINA_BASE/temp
export?TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
export?CATALINA_OPTS="-server?-Xss512k?-Xms2048M?-Xmx2048M?-XX:MaxPermSize=256M?-XX:PermSize=128M?-XX:NewSize=128M?-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode?-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80?-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC?-XX:+UseParNewGC?-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8?-Djavax.servlet.request.encoding=UTF-8?-Djavax.servlet.response.encoding=UTF-8?-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8?-Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=22222?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false?-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false?-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.3.5"
ARG0="$0"
while?[?-h?"$ARG0"?];?do
??ls=`ls?-ld?"$ARG0"`
??link=`expr?"$ls"?:?'.*->?\(.*\)$'`
??if?expr?"$link"?:?'/.*'?>?/dev/null;?then
????ARG0="$link"
??else
????ARG0="`dirname?$ARG0`/$link"
??fi
done
DIRNAME="`dirname?$ARG0`"
PROGRAM="`basename?$ARG0`"
while?[?".$1"?!=?.?]
do
??case?"$1"?in
????--java-home?)
????????JAVA_HOME="$2"
????????shift;?shift;
????????continue
????;;
????--catalina-home?)
????????CATALINA_HOME="$2"
????????shift;?shift;
????????continue
????;;
????--catalina-base?)
????????CATALINA_BASE="$2"
????????shift;?shift;
????????continue
????;;
????--catalina-pid?)
????????CATALINA_PID="$2"
????????shift;?shift;
????????continue
????;;
????--tomcat-user?)
????????TOMCAT_USER="$2"
????????shift;?shift;
????????continue
????;;
????*?)
????????break
????;;
??esac
done
#?OS?specific?support?(must?be?'true'?or?'false').
cygwin=false;
darwin=false;
case?"`uname`"?in
????CYGWIN*)
????????cygwin=true
????????;;
????Darwin*)
????????darwin=true
????????;;
esac
#?Use?the?maximum?available,?or?set?MAX_FD?!=?-1?to?use?that
test?".$MAX_FD"?=?.?&&?MAX_FD="maximum"
#?Setup?parameters?for?running?the?jsvc
#
test?".$TOMCAT_USER"?=?.?&&?TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
#?Set?JAVA_HOME?to?working?JDK?or?JRE
#?JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-1.6.0.22
#?If?not?set?we'll?try?to?guess?the?JAVA_HOME
#?from?java?binary?if?on?the?PATH
#
if?[?-z?"$JAVA_HOME"?];?then
????JAVA_BIN="`which?java?2>/dev/null?||?type?java?2>&1`"
????test?-x?"$JAVA_BIN"?&&?JAVA_HOME="`dirname?$JAVA_BIN`"
????test?".$JAVA_HOME"?!=?.?&&?JAVA_HOME=`cd?"$JAVA_HOME/.."?>/dev/null;?pwd`
else
????JAVA_BIN="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
fi
#?Only?set?CATALINA_HOME?if?not?already?set
test?".$CATALINA_HOME"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_HOME=`cd?"$DIRNAME/.."?>/dev/null;?pwd`
test?".$CATALINA_BASE"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
test?".$CATALINA_MAIN"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_MAIN=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
#?If?not?explicitly?set,?look?for?jsvc?in?CATALINA_BASE?first?then?CATALINA_HOME
if?[?-z?$JSVC?];?then
????JSVC="$CATALINA_BASE/bin/jsvc"
????if?[?!?-x?$JSVC?];?then
????????JSVC="$CATALINA_HOME/bin/jsvc"
????fi
fi
#?Set?the?default?service-start?wait?time?if?necessary
test?".$SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME"?=?.?&&?SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME=10
#?Ensure?that?any?user?defined?CLASSPATH?variables?are?not?used?on?startup,
#?but?allow?them?to?be?specified?in?setenv.sh,?in?rare?case?when?it?is?needed.
CLASSPATH=
JAVA_OPTS=
if?[?-r?"$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"?];?then
??.?"$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif?[?-r?"$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"?];?then
??.?"$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi
#?Add?on?extra?jar?files?to?CLASSPATH
test?".$CLASSPATH"?!=?.?&&?CLASSPATH="${CLASSPATH}:"
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar"
test?".$CATALINA_OUT"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.out"
test?".$CATALINA_TMP"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_TMP="$CATALINA_BASE/temp"
#?Add?tomcat-juli.jar?to?classpath
#?tomcat-juli.jar?can?be?over-ridden?per?instance
if?[?-r?"$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"?]?;?then
??CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
else
??CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
fi
#?Set?juli?LogManager?config?file?if?it?is?present?and?an?override?has?not?been?issued
if?[?-z?"$LOGGING_CONFIG"?];?then
??if?[?-r?"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"?];?then
????LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
??else
????#?Bugzilla?45585
????LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
??fi
fi
test?".$LOGGING_MANAGER"?=?.?&&?LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS?$LOGGING_MANAGER"
#?Set?-pidfile
test?".$CATALINA_PID"?=?.?&&?CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.pid"
#?Increase?the?maximum?file?descriptors?if?we?can
if?[?"$cygwin"?=?"false"?];?then
????MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit?-H?-n`
????if?[?"$?"?-eq?0?];?then
????????#?Darwin?does?not?allow?RLIMIT_INFINITY?on?file?soft?limit
????????if?[?"$darwin"?=?"true"?-a?"$MAX_FD_LIMIT"?=?"unlimited"?];?then
????????????MAX_FD_LIMIT=`/usr/sbin/sysctl?-n?kern.maxfilesperproc`
????????fi
????????test?".$MAX_FD"?=?".maximum"?&&?MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
????????ulimit?-n?$MAX_FD
????????if?[?"$?"?-ne?0?];?then
????????????echo?"$PROGRAM:?Could?not?set?maximum?file?descriptor?limit:?$MAX_FD"
????????fi
????else
????????echo?"$PROGRAM:?Could?not?query?system?maximum?file?descriptor?limit:?$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
????fi
fi
#?-----?Execute?The?Requested?Command?-----------------------------------------
case?"$1"?in
????run?????)
??????shift
??????"$JSVC"?$*?\
??????$JSVC_OPTS?\
??????-java-home?"$JAVA_HOME"?\
??????-pidfile?"$CATALINA_PID"?\
??????-wait?10?\
??????-nodetach?\
??????-outfile?"&1"?\
??????-errfile?"&2"?\
??????-classpath?"$CLASSPATH"?\
??????"$LOGGING_CONFIG"?$JAVA_OPTS?$CATALINA_OPTS?\
??????-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"?\
??????-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE"?\
??????-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME"?\
??????-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP"?\
??????$CATALINA_MAIN
??????exit?$?
????;;
????start???)
??????"$JSVC"?$JSVC_OPTS?\
??????-java-home?"$JAVA_HOME"?\
??????-user?$TOMCAT_USER?\
??????-pidfile?"$CATALINA_PID"?\
??????-wait?10?\
??????-outfile?"$CATALINA_OUT"?\
??????-errfile?"&1"?\
??????-classpath?"$CLASSPATH"?\
??????"$LOGGING_CONFIG"?$JAVA_OPTS?$CATALINA_OPTS?\
??????-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"?\
??????-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE"?\
??????-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME"?\
??????-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP"?\
??????$CATALINA_MAIN
??????exit?$?
????;;
????stop????)
??????"$JSVC"?$JSVC_OPTS?\
??????-stop?\
??????-pidfile?"$CATALINA_PID"?\
??????-classpath?"$CLASSPATH"?\
??????-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"?\
??????-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE"?\
??????-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME"?\
??????-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP"?\
??????$CATALINA_MAIN
??????exit?$?
????;;
????version??)
??????"$JSVC"?\
??????-java-home?"$JAVA_HOME"?\
??????-pidfile?"$CATALINA_PID"?\
??????-classpath?"$CLASSPATH"?\
??????-errfile?"&2"?\
??????-version?\
??????-check?\
??????$CATALINA_MAIN
??????if?[?"$?"?=?0?];?then
????????"$JAVA_BIN"?\
????????-classpath?"$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar"?\
????????org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
??????fi
??????exit?$?
????;;
????*???????)
??????echo?"Unknown?command:?\`$1'"
??????echo?"Usage:?$PROGRAM?(?commands?...?)"
??????echo?"commands:"
??????echo?"??run???????????????Start?Tomcat?without?detaching?from?console"
??????echo?"??start?????????????Start?Tomcat"
??????echo?"??stop??????????????Stop?Tomcat"
??????echo?"??version???????????What?version?of?commons?daemon?and?Tomcat"
??????echo?"????????????????????are?you?running?"
??????exit?1
????;;
esac

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参考资料：
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/setup.html#Unix_daemon
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/RUNNING.txt
https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/bin/daemon.sh
http://ifeve.com/useful-jvm-flags-part-7-cms-collector/

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cs