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    Janbar:实现base64的编码解码,深刻理解base64

    作者:[db:作者] 时间:2021-06-17 18:18

    上代码

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    
    const char padding   = '=';
    const char base64e[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
    const char base64d[] = {
    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x3e,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x3f,
    0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x3b,0x3c,0x3d,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0xff,0xff,
    0xff,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,
    0x0f,0x10,0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
    0xff,0x1a,0x1b,0x1c,0x1d,0x1e,0x1f,0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28,
    0x29,0x2a,0x2b,0x2c,0x2d,0x2e,0x2f,0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33};
    
    /*
    根据 base64e 得到 base64d
    base64d 的长度为 base64e 和 padding 字符ascii码最大值
    */
    void get_base64d(void) {
      if (strlen(base64e) != 64) {
        printf("encoding alphabet is not 64-bytes long\n");
        exit(1); // 必须是64个字符
      }
      int i, j;
      for (i=0;i<64;i++) {
        if (base64e[i] == '\n' || base64e[i] == '\r') {
          printf("encoding alphabet contains newline character\n");
          exit(1); // 不能包含换行回车字符
        }
        if (base64e[i] == padding) {
          printf("there are duplicate characters :%c\n", base64e[i]);
          exit(1); // 不能和padding相同
        }
        for (j=i+1;j<64;j++) {
          if (base64e[i] == base64e[j]) {
            printf("there are duplicate characters :%c\n", base64e[i]);
            exit(1); // 不能存在2个相同字符
          }
        }
      }
    
      char tmp[256]; // 预设256个字符,并初始化
      for (i=0; i<256;i++){
        tmp[i] = 0xff;
      }
      for (i = 0,j = -1; base64e[i] != 0 ;i++) {
        tmp[base64e[i]] = i; // 将对应位置置为ascii码值
        if (base64e[i] > j) {
          j = base64e[i]; // 找到ascii码最大值
        }
      }
      tmp[padding] = 0;
      if (padding > j) {
        j = padding; // padding也要计入最大值里面
      }
    
      // 打印得到的数组,不必为256那么长,只要包含最大ascii值就行
      printf("const char base64d[] = {");
      for (i=0; i <= j ;i++) {
        if (((i+1)%16) == 1)
          printf("\n");
        printf("0x%02x,", tmp[i]&0xff);
      }
      printf("\b};\n");
    }
    
    // max_len为dest最大长度,可能存在编码不全,需要保证max_len够长
    void encode_base_64(const char *src, char *dest, int max_len) {
      int n, i;
      size_t l = strlen(src);
      max_len = (max_len - 1) / 4;
      for(i = 0;i < max_len && l >= 3; i++, src += 3, l -= 3) {
        n = src[0] << 16 | src[1] << 8 | src[2];
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 18) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 12) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >>  6) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = base64e[n & 0x3f];
      }
      if (l == 1) {
        n = src[0] << 16;
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 18) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 12) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = padding;
        *dest++ = padding;
      } else if (l == 2) {
        n = src[0] << 16 | src[1] << 8;
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 18) & 0x3f];
        *dest++ = base64e[(n >> 12) & 0x3f];
        *
    
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