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    Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题,生成试卷

    作者:疯狂的机器人 时间:2021-02-10 18:03

    一、背景

    本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题,生成的试卷每一份都不一样。

    二、准备工作

    1.安装Python3

    下载地址:https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

    2.安装库

    pip install python-docx==0.8.10

    pip install PyMySQL==1.0.2

    3.试题库.xlsx

    开发程序前需要先收集试题,本文是将试题收集存放MySQL数据库中,格式如下:

    选择题数据库截图:

     填空题/解答题/综合题数据库截图:

    三、代码

    Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序.py

    # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
    import random,os,pymysql
    from docx import Document
    from docx.shared import Inches,Pt
    from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING
    from docx.oxml.ns import qn
    from docx.shared import Inches
    
    class SunckSql():
      def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, dbName='', charset='utf8'):
        self.host = host
        self.user = user
        self.passwd = passwd
        self.dbName = dbName
        self.charset = charset
    
      def connet(self):
        self.db = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, db=self.dbName,
                     charset=self.charset) # 连接数据库
        self.cursor = self.db.cursor() # 获取操作游标
    
      def close(self):
        self.cursor.close() # 释放游标
        self.db.close() # 关闭数据库连接
    
      # 查询
      def get_all(self, sql):
        res = None
        try:
          self.connet()
          self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
          res = self.cursor.fetchall() # 返回查询所有结果
        except Exception as e:
          print('查询失败:%s' % e)
        finally:
          self.close()
        return res
    
      # 增加、删除、修改
      def shell_sql(self, sql):
        "执行sql语句"
        print(sql)
        count = 0
        try:
          self.connet()
          count = self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
          self.db.commit() # 提交
        except Exception as e:
          print('事务提交失败:%s' % e)
          self.db.rollback() # 如果提交失败,回滚到上一次数据
        finally:
          self.close()
        return count
    
    def router_docx(choice1='', choice2='', choice3='', choice5='', choice6='', choice7='',paper_path='',name='1'):
      "生成网络通信方向试题及答案"
      docx1 = Document()
      docx2 = Document()
      docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                 #选择字体
      docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体') #默认字体
      docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                #默认字号大小
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)       #默认段前间距
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)       #默认段后间距
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE  #默认单倍行距
      sec = docx1.sections[0]                         # sections对应文档中的“节”
      sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                       # 设置左页面边距
      sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                       #设置右页面边距
      sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                       # 设置上页面边距
      sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                     #设置下页面边距
    
      p=docx1.add_paragraph()                         #添加段落
      run = p.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)' % name)           #使用add_run添加文字
      run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                         #设置字体
      run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')         #设置字体
      run.font.size = Pt(18)                          #字体大小设置
      p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER         #段落文字居中设置
      docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                      # 添加段落文字
      docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
      docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
      q=docx2.add_paragraph()                         #添加段落
      run = q.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)          #使用add_run添加文字
      run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                         #设置字体
      run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')         #设置字体
      run.font.size = Pt(18)                          #字体大小设置
      q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER         #段落文字居中设置
    
      p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                #设置段前间距
      docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
      run = p1.add_run('一、选择题(每题3分共45分)')
      run.bold = True                             # 字体加粗
      list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)              #len范围内获取指定的数量
      x=1
      for y in list1:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)              #段后间距
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
      x=1
      for y in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5)
      x=1
      for y in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
      run = p2.add_run('二、填空题(每题3分,共15分)')
      run.bold = True
      list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
      i = 1
      for j in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
        i += 1
    
      p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
      run = p3.add_run('三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)')
      run.bold = True
      list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
      n = 1
      for m in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
        n += 1
    
      p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
      run = p4.add_run('四、综合题(共20分)')
      run.bold = True
      list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1)
      docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice7[list4][1])
      docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4][2])
    
      docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题(%s).docx' % name))       #保存试题
      docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题答案(%s).docx' % name))      #保存答案
    
    def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name):
      """生成智能终端方向的试题"""
      docx1 = Document()
      docx2 = Document()
      docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                    #选择字体
      docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')     #默认字体
      docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                    #默认字号大小
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)          #默认段前间距
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)           #默认段后间距
      docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE  #默认单倍行距
      sec = docx1.sections[0]                             # sections对应文档中的“节”
      sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                           # 设置左页面边距
      sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                          #设置右页面边距
      sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                          # 设置上页面边距
      sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                         #设置下页面边距
    
      p=docx1.add_paragraph()                             #添加段落
      run = p.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)' % name)               #使用add_run添加文字
      run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                            #设置字体
      run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')             #设置字体
      run.font.size = Pt(18)                             #字体大小设置
      p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER            #段落文字居中设置
      docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                          # 添加段落文字
      docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
      docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
      q = docx2.add_paragraph()                            # 添加段落
      run = q.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)             # 使用add_run添加文字
      run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                            # 设置字体
      run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')             # 设置字体
      run.font.size = Pt(18)                             # 字体大小设置
      q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER            # 段落文字居中设置
    
      p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                    #设置段前间距
      docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
      run = p1.add_run('一、选择题(每题3分共45分)')
      run.bold = True                                 # 字体加粗
      list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
      x=1
      for y in list1:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                 #段后间距
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
      x=1
      for y in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5)
      x=1
      for y in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][2])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][3])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][4])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][5])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][6])
        x+=1
    
      p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
      run = p2.add_run('二、填空题(每题3分,共15分)')
      run.bold = True
      list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
      i = 1
      for j in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
        i += 1
    
      p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
      run = p3.add_run('三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)')
      run.bold = True
      list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
      n = 1
      for m in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
        docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
        n += 1
    
      p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
      p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
      docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
      run = p4.add_run('四、综合题(共20分)')
      run.bold = True
      list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1)
      docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice8[list4][1])
      docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4][2])
    
      docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题(%s).docx' % name))
      docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题答案(%s).docx' % name))
    
    def main(ip,name,passwd,db_name):
      paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '试卷')  #试卷存放路径
      if not os.path.exists(paper_path):
        os.mkdir(paper_path)                            #创建试卷文件夹
      my = SunckSql(ip,name,passwd,db_name)                     #连接数据库
      choice1 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '计算机基础选择题')           #查询数据库中的试题
      choice2 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '测试基础选择题')
      choice3 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信选择题')
      choice4 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端选择题')
      choice5 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '填空题')
      choice6 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '简答题')
      choice7 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信综合题')
      choice8 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端综合题')
      for i in range(1,4):                              #同时生成3份试卷及答案
        router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i)
        android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
      main(ip='数据库ip地址', name='mysql账号', passwd='mysql密码', db_name='软件测试试题库')
    js
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