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    ssh自动登录的4种实现方法

    作者:admin 时间:2021-02-08 12:21

    1. 自动ssh/scp方法

    A为本地主机(即用于控制其他主机的机器) ;
    B为远程主机(即被控制的机器Server), 假如ip为192.168.60.110;
    A和B的系统都是Linux

    在A上运行命令:
    # ssh-keygen -t rsa (连续三次回车,即在本地生成了公钥和私钥,不设置密码)
    # ssh root@192.168.60.110 "mkdir .ssh" (需要输入密码)
    # scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.60.110:.ssh/id_rsa.pub (需要输入密码)

    在B上的命令:
    # touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (如果已经存在这个文件, 跳过这条)
    # cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (将id_rsa.pub的内容追加到authorized_keys 中)

    回到A机器:
    # ssh root@192.168.60.110 (不需要密码, 登录成功)

    2. 控制n个机器如上所述自动登录

    那就需要n对钥匙(密钥和公钥), ssh-keygen 命令可以随意更改钥匙对的名字, 比如:
    # ssh-keygen -t rsa
    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110

    这样私钥和公钥的名字分别就是: id_rsa_192.168.60.110和 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub;然后将 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub 文件的内容, 追加到sever的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中,最后, 在本地用ssh命令的 -i 参数指定本地密钥, 并登录:
    # ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110

    scp也是一样的
    # scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone

    在文件.bashrc中加下两行,每次做同样的操作就不用敲入这样长的命令了:
    alias sshcell='ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110'
    alias scpcell='scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone'

    这样,直接键入一下指令实现ssh和scp自动登录:
    # sshcell
    # scpcell

    3. 自动ssh/scp脚本

    如果需要从A,到B,然后才能够到C,那么需要ssh和scp两次,是比较麻烦的。
    ssh自动登录:
    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set timeout 30
    spawn ssh weiqiong@B
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    send "ssh weiqiong@Cr"
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    interact

    scp从A拷贝文件到C:
    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set timeout 300
    set file [lindex $argv 0]
    spawn scp $file weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    spawn ssh weiqiong@B
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    send "scp $file weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiongr"
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    exit
    interact

    scp从C拷贝文件到A:
    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set timeout 300
    set file [lindex $argv 0]
    spawn ssh weiqiong@B
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    send "scp weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong/$file .r"
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    expect "]*"
    send "exitr"
    expect "]*"
    spawn scp weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong/$file .
    expect "password:"
    send "ppppppr"
    interact

    4. 建立ssh/scp通道

    比如说我的机器是A,中间服务器为B,目标服务器是C
    从A可以ssh到B,从B可以ssh到C,但是A不能直接ssh到C
    现在展示利用ssh通道技术从A直接传输文件到C

    1. ssh -L1234:C:22 userid@B
    input B's password
    (1234是本机A的空闲端口,该指令需要A机器上的root用户权限,实际上是在本机1234端口建立了一个通道)

    2. 打开一个新的console,键入:
    scp -P1234 filename userid@localhost:
    input C's password

    js