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    python+opencv3.4.0 实现HOG+SVM行人检测的示例代码

    作者:bigsuperZX 时间:2021-02-05 15:12

    参照opencv官网例程写了一个基于python的行人检测程序,实现了和自带检测器基本一致的检测效果。

    网址 :https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/d5/d77/train_HOG_8cpp-example.html

    opencv版本:3.4.0

    训练集和opencv官方用了同一个,可以从http://pascal.inrialpes.fr/data/human/下载,在网页的最下方“here(970MB处)”,用迅雷下载比较快(500kB/s)。训练集文件比较乱,需要仔细阅读下载首页的文字介绍。注意pos文件夹下的png图片属性,它们用opencv无法直接打开,linux系统下也无法显示,需要用matlab读取图片->保存才行,很奇怪的操作。

    代码如下,尽可能与opencv官方例程保持一致,但省略了很多不是很关键的东西。训练一次大概需要十几分钟

    import cv2
    import numpy as np
    import random
     
     
    def load_images(dirname, amout = 9999):
     img_list = []
     file = open(dirname)
     img_name = file.readline()
     while img_name != '': # 文件尾
      img_name = dirname.rsplit(r'/', 1)[0] + r'/' + img_name.split('/', 1)[1].strip('\n')
      img_list.append(cv2.imread(img_name))
      img_name = file.readline()
      amout -= 1
      if amout <= 0: # 控制读取图片的数量
       break
     return img_list
     
     
    # 从每一张没有人的原始图片中随机裁出10张64*128的图片作为负样本
    def sample_neg(full_neg_lst, neg_list, size):
     random.seed(1)
     width, height = size[1], size[0]
     for i in range(len(full_neg_lst)):
      for j in range(10):
       y = int(random.random() * (len(full_neg_lst[i]) - height))
       x = int(random.random() * (len(full_neg_lst[i][0]) - width))
       neg_list.append(full_neg_lst[i][y:y + height, x:x + width])
     return neg_list
     
     
    # wsize: 处理图片大小,通常64*128; 输入图片尺寸>= wsize
    def computeHOGs(img_lst, gradient_lst, wsize=(128, 64)):
     hog = cv2.HOGDescriptor()
     # hog.winSize = wsize
     for i in range(len(img_lst)):
      if img_lst[i].shape[1] >= wsize[1] and img_lst[i].shape[0] >= wsize[0]:
       roi = img_lst[i][(img_lst[i].shape[0] - wsize[0]) // 2: (img_lst[i].shape[0] - wsize[0]) // 2 + wsize[0], \
         (img_lst[i].shape[1] - wsize[1]) // 2: (img_lst[i].shape[1] - wsize[1]) // 2 + wsize[1]]
       gray = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
       gradient_lst.append(hog.compute(gray))
     # return gradient_lst
     
     
    def get_svm_detector(svm):
     sv = svm.getSupportVectors()
     rho, _, _ = svm.getDecisionFunction(0)
     sv = np.transpose(sv)
     return np.append(sv, [[-rho]], 0)
     
     
    # 主程序
    # 第一步:计算HOG特征
    neg_list = []
    pos_list = []
    gradient_lst = []
    labels = []
    hard_neg_list = []
    svm = cv2.ml.SVM_create()
    pos_list = load_images(r'G:/python_project/INRIAPerson/96X160H96/Train/pos.lst')
    full_neg_lst = load_images(r'G:/python_project/INRIAPerson/train_64x128_H96/neg.lst')
    sample_neg(full_neg_lst, neg_list, [128, 64])
    print(len(neg_list))
    computeHOGs(pos_list, gradient_lst)
    [labels.append(+1) for _ in range(len(pos_list))]
    computeHOGs(neg_list, gradient_lst)
    [labels.append(-1) for _ in range(len(neg_list))]
     
    # 第二步:训练SVM
    svm.setCoef0(0)
    svm.setCoef0(0.0)
    svm.setDegree(3)
    criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS, 1000, 1e-3)
    svm.setTermCriteria(criteria)
    svm.setGamma(0)
    svm.setKernel(cv2.ml.SVM_LINEAR)
    svm.setNu(0.5)
    svm.setP(0.1) # for EPSILON_SVR, epsilon in loss function?
    svm.setC(0.01) # From paper, soft classifier
    svm.setType(cv2.ml.SVM_EPS_SVR) # C_SVC # EPSILON_SVR # may be also NU_SVR # do regression task
    svm.train(np.array(gradient_lst), cv2.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, np.array(labels))
     
    # 第三步:加入识别错误的样本,进行第二轮训练
    # 参考 http://masikkk.com/article/SVM-HOG-HardExample/
    hog = cv2.HOGDescriptor()
    hard_neg_list.clear()
    hog.setSVMDetector(get_svm_detector(svm))
    for i in range(len(full_neg_lst)):
     rects, wei = hog.detectMultiScale(full_neg_lst[i], winStride=(4, 4),padding=(8, 8), scale=1.05)
     for (x,y,w,h) in rects:
      hardExample = full_neg_lst[i][y:y+h, x:x+w]
      hard_neg_list.append(cv2.resize(hardExample,(64,128)))
    computeHOGs(hard_neg_list, gradient_lst)
    [labels.append(-1) for _ in range(len(hard_neg_list))]
    svm.train(np.array(gradient_lst), cv2.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, np.array(labels))
     
     
    # 第四步:保存训练结果
    hog.setSVMDetector(get_svm_detector(svm))
    hog.save('myHogDector.bin')

    以下是测试代码:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np
     
    hog = cv2.HOGDescriptor()
    hog.load('myHogDector.bin')
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
    while True:
     ok, img = cap.read()
     rects, wei = hog.detectMultiScale(img, winStride=(4, 4),padding=(8, 8), scale=1.05)
     for (x, y, w, h) in rects:
      cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 0, 255), 2)
     cv2.imshow('a', img)
     if cv2.waitKey(1)&0xff == 27: # esc键
      break
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
    js
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